Charter Life – Cruising World https://www.cruisingworld.com Cruising World is your go-to site and magazine for the best sailboat reviews, liveaboard sailing tips, chartering tips, sailing gear reviews and more. Wed, 07 Aug 2024 18:51:47 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.4.2 https://www.cruisingworld.com/uploads/2021/09/favicon-crw-1.png Charter Life – Cruising World https://www.cruisingworld.com 32 32 Cruising Tahiti: A Party in Paradise https://www.cruisingworld.com/charter/chartering-tahiti-party-in-paradise/ Tue, 06 Aug 2024 15:43:25 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=54794 When someone invites you to tag along for a birthday sailing adventure in French Polynesia, well, you’ve just got to go. Right?

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Aerial shot of Raiatea
The protected waters inside the reef surrounding Raiatea provide countless memorable anchorages. Jon Whittle

Oh, my God,” the local kids shouted and giggled. One by one, they jumped into the water from the side of a concrete boat ramp and came to the surface, repeating what they had just heard us say as we did the same thing to cool off after a long afternoon of chart and boat briefings at The Moorings charter base on Raiatea, a gem of a destination in the Leeward Islands of French Polynesia. 

From the water, I watched their mothers chatting the late Sunday afternoon away in the shade of a stand of trees. To the north, I took in the unfamiliar shapes of the daymarks lining the channels, and the coral between our harbor swimming hole and the island of Taha’a, a couple of miles away. It was all but impossible to keep my eyes off the iconic rocky peak of Mount Otemanu, shrouded in tropical haze on Bora Bora, some 20 miles to the northwest. I’d seen it in pictures hundreds of times as I read South Pacific adventure tales. 

But now, oh, my God, indeed: Here we were. We were going sailing. In Tahiti.

It took three days to get there from ­wintry Boston, with an evening stopover in Los Angeles and a second night spent in a hotel in French Polynesia’s capital city, Papeete. From there, photographer Jon Whittle and I, along with the trip’s organizer, Josie Tucci from Sunsail, and one her friends from Florida took a morning flight on a small commuter plane to Uturoa, Raiatea’s main commune. Our travels ended with a short cab ride to the Sunsail docks nearby. For the next few hours, eight more sailing and golfing friends of Tucci’s wandered in, ready to help celebrate her big 5-0 aboard two roomy cruising cats: a Sunsail 505 for the birthday girl, and Magic Dancer II, a Sunsail 454, for Whittle, me and overflow guests.

A Moorings 4500 and a Moorings 5000 near Bora Bora
Our two catamarans for the week, a Moorings 4500 and a Moorings 5000, enjoy a comfortable reach side by side as we approach Bora Bora. Jon Whittle

Most of the sailing we’d be doing for the next 10 days would be around the large islands that sit inside extensive coral barrier reefs, so the chart briefing was quite detailed. A local skipper went over aids to navigation, points of interest, anchorages and the like. He stressed to us North American sailors that Lateral System A is used in this part of the world, with red marks left to port, not starboard, when entering passes from the open water. Inside the lagoons, square red daymarks designate dangers toward land; green triangles show hazards along the reef; and various configurations of triangles atop poles indicate whether to leave obstructions to the north, south, east or west. We took detailed notes on large paper charts and downloaded a cruising guide PDF that would be consulted frequently throughout the trip.

There are four main islands within the group. Two of them, Raiatea and Taha’a, are quite close and within the same barrier reef. Between them lie well-marked shallows and coral beds, so sailing back and forth is fairly simple. 

Bora Bora and Huahine are another story. To reach them, open-water passages of about 20 miles are required, with a long slog upwind either going or returning, depending on the island. Early-morning departures are required so that upon arrival, passes can be navigated while the sun is high. An eye on the weather is also recommended because conditions can get boisterous.

Tahiti
The Tahitian landscape is a misty study in lights and shadows. Jon Whittle

Midafternoon, the briefing formalities were put on hold for nearly an hour when a troupe of local musicians and dancers came to welcome us. They handed out leis and headbands made from colorful local flowers, including tiare apetahi blossoms, which grow only high in Raiatea’s mountainous interior. The men sat with their instruments and played Polynesian tunes while the dancers, a mix of women and children, twirled and shimmied their grass skirts in lively routines handed down from their ancestors.

It being a Sunday, all stores had closed at noon, so provisioning had to wait until Monday. Early in the day, a couple of us from each boat took a taxi to the Champion market in downtown Uturoa, a bustling urban area where the cruise ships dock. Though all of the islands in the group have grocery stores of some sort, we were advised to get the bulk of our provisions here. The market was well-stocked, but with all goods needing to be shipped in across the vast Pacific, prices were steep.

Back at the boats, we loaded supplies and topped off water tanks. By late morning, it was time for the adventures to begin. First stop: Passe Rautoanui, an opening through the reef on the northwest side of the island. 

Traditional dancers
Traditional performers welcomed us to the charter base with song and dance. Jon Whittle

As we approached, we picked out the cardinal marks indicating the opening. White waves crashed on the coral reefs to either side, but the water between them was dark blue and deep. Outside, we rounded up into an offshore breeze gusting to 20 knots or so. We went with a single reef in the main, unfurled the genoa, and settled in for an easy reach south to Passe Punaeroa, about 8 nautical miles away.

Ashore, the mountaintops disappeared into the haze and clouds. The colors—blue sky, green jungle, white breakers on the reef—were spectacular and everything I’d imagined French Polynesia would be.

Back inside the lagoon, Tucci’s boat led the way along a narrow channel around the southern end of the island to a tiny anchorage behind Motu Nao Nao. We’d been told during the briefing that there’s room for only three or so boats, and there was already a large monohull there, so we aboard Magic Dancer II opted for a mooring a mile or so away in deep water off another small motu, or island. We took the inflatable across to join the festivities underway aboard what already had become the party boat. Nao Nao was the perfect place to spend a hot afternoon with a cold beverage and snacks. A few of us took off snorkeling over the nearby coral heads. It was an excellent transition to island time. 

Opening coconuts
A guide cuts open a coconut on our river adventure. Jon Whittle

With evening approaching and the sky clouding over, I hopped into the dinghy alone, figuring I’d make better time motoring solo back to Magic Dancer. I didn’t make it far from the swimming hole, though, before the sky turned black. Time to turn back to the cat that stayed at anchor to ride it out? Nah. I pressed on and almost at once got gobbled up in a white squall that came rolling through with ferocious gusts, stinging rain, and lots of lightning. That was a dinghy ride to remember.

Tuesday, we continued the counterclockwise tour of Raiatea, the largest island in the Leeward Group. Late morning, we anchored in about 30 feet of water, deep in Baie De Fa’aroa, a fjord located about halfway up the island’s eastern side. From there, several of us took two inflatables up the Apoomau River. We were told that it’s the only river trip in all of French Polynesia, and we soon discovered spectacular glimpses of Mount Tefatuaiti with its towering rock walls and deep valleys shrouded with mist. Our destination was the botanical garden near the headwaters. 

It was slow-going, with many sunken trees and shallow spots to dodge. Along the way, we met a local man who, for a modest fee, paddled his faded orange kayak ahead of us and gave us a guided tour of the gardens. On the way back, we stopped at his camp, where his wife and daughter wielded machetes to cut up coconuts, red papayas, grapefruits and bananas for us. We ate so much fruit that we almost didn’t need the lunch of shrimp curry and rice that Tucci’s sailing mate, Paula, had cooked while we were gone.

Visitor money messages
Visitors leave bills to say, “We were here”. Jon Whittle

Later that afternoon, we tried to visit the small village of Marae, home to an ancient Polynesian temple, but the holding was poor and evening was coming, so instead we found a sandy spot to anchor on the reef off Pointe Tamapua. The crew voted to go ashore for dinner at the Opoa Beach Restaurant, where the ginger tiger shrimp were indeed a delicacy, as ­promised on the menu.

Early Wednesday morning, the big-boat crew set off for the airport in Uturoa to pick up a late-arriving guest. We lingered a bit for a swim and breakfast before hoisting sails and reaching across flat water along the shore. At the top of the island, we found the marks for a channel skirting Grand Banc Central shallows, which lie between Raiatea and Taha’a, and crossed for a lunchtime rendezvous with the big boat in Baie Apu, an anchorage on the southern end of Taha’a. 

From there, we motored up the west side of the island until we spotted the Motu Tautau and a cluster of luxury bungalows built out over the water, the La Taha’a by Pearl Resorts. We anchored just south of them in a sandy spot with about 7 feet of water. The breeze was brisk, so I stayed behind to watch the boats while the rest of the crew took the tenders and motored past the resort to a channel between a pair of small motus. Once they secured the boats, they walked up-current along the shore of one of the islets, and then jumped in for a fast snorkel back to where they’d started. Everyone returned raving about the ride.

Woman holding rum bottle
The rum at Domaine Pari Pari worked its magic on a hot day. Jon Whittle

For me, the highlight of the trip came the next day, when our little armada set off for Bora Bora. After a brief motorsail south to clear the reef through Passe Papai, we killed the engines and started off on what would be our longest day of sailing. 

Out of the lee of Taha’a, Magic Dancer lived up to its name, slicing and surfing through big trade-wind swells. According to the chart, our desired heading was 293 degrees, but trying to steer that in a blustery southeast breeze of 15 to 20 knots proved nearly impossible because of the constant threat of an accidental jibe and the jib being blanketed. Instead, we crisscrossed the rhumb line on a series of broad reaches—each one bringing the towering peak of Mount Temanu more clearly into focus—until we finally spotted the iconic light that marks Pointe Te Turi Roa on the southeast corner of the reef surrounding Bora Bora.

Along the way, we spotted flocks of birds diving for baitballs roiled up by tuna and other big fish. Occasionally, an interisland freighter or fishing boat came into view, but for the most part, we were on our own, out on a great big sea, surrounded by whitecaps and having a ball. Or at least some of us were. The others, well, they spent the time nursing cases of mal de mer.

Outrigger canoe
Traditional outrigger canoes share the lagoons with modern cats.

The birthday boat was ahead of us at the light, but by radio we called them back so that Whittle could launch a drone and get photos of the two cats sailing along the edge of the reef. It was a surreal scene: the boats side by side on a deep blue ocean, a long line of frothy white surf where the swells piled up on the coral, the tranquil lagoon just beyond with the lush green island in its center. Overhead, the white clouds had greenish-blue bottoms because of the sunlight reflecting upward off the water. It was a lot to take in.

There is only one way in and out of Bora Bora: Passe De Teavanui, which is about halfway up the island’s western shore. It was midafternoon when we arrived, and once through it, we had a straight shot to the mooring field at the Bora Bora Yacht Club. We went ashore to the club for dinner and topped off the evening playing Boule, a bowling game, on sand courts near the bar.

Friday morning, a few of us walked the shore road to an ATV trail cut into the jungle-covered hillside. It was a steep climb to the top, but the reward was a stunning view of the lagoon below and a couple of cruise ships that had just arrived.

Person relaxing in a chair
One of the crew takes a break from the sun. Jon Whittle

That afternoon, we got underway and followed a twisting channel inside the reef across the top of the island and down the eastern side. Though it was windy, the breeze was, for the most part, on the nose, so we motored. To be honest, it was a nerve-racking trip through shallow water teeming with coral heads. Off to port, numerous resorts were built on stilts over the water and reef. They were well-marked on the chart and helpful as we tried to keep our bearings straight. 

Anchoring is not allowed within the reef at Bora Bora, but mooring balls are plentiful all around the island. We grabbed ones off a sandy beach at the southeast corner of the lagoon and settled in for an afternoon of swimming that slowly faded into star-filled night. Overhead, the Southern Cross and Orion kept us company.

In the morning, a few of us jumped into the inflatables with snorkels and fins and went exploring in a marine park by two small islets a mile or so away. There were a couple of tour boats from nearby resorts when we arrived, but soon they cleared out and we had the place to ourselves. We found fish and coral aplenty in 10 to 12 feet of water.

Person riding on the back of a bike
Locals find interesting ways to travel around. Jon Whittle

That afternoon, the trip back around the island was simple: All we had to do was follow the track we’d laid down on the chart plotter the day before. Near the north end of the island, a kayaker fell in behind us as we motored by at 6 knots. He hitched a ride on Magic Dancer’s wake for 2 or 3 miles. It was an impressive paddling demonstration that the fellow put on.

For lunch, we made a stop at Bloody Mary’s, a popular shoreside bar and restaurant. As we ate, a band appeared on stage and locals started to wander in for what seemed to be turning into a Saturday-afternoon ripper. We took it in for a while, then headed back to the boats and went to find a mooring out near the reef on the western edge of the lagoon.

The original plan was to head back to Raiatea on Sunday morning, and from there, sail to Huahine for a day. To pull it off, we’d need to keep moving, and personally, I was looking forward to three more long open-water crossings. But some of the others who’d suffered on the way up weren’t so keen. On any charter, and especially one with a large contingent of nonsailors, keeping the crew happy is ­paramount. So, it only made sense to scrap the plan. Instead of spending Sunday at sea, we’d play. Hard.

Mark Pillsbury
The author enjoys the broad reach to Bora Bora. Jon Whittle

The next morning, we explored ­nearby sandy motus. In the shallow waters around them, we swam with small blacktip sharks and searched for rays. After lunch, we all kicked back on the big cat, where a couple of techs from the charter company appeared with a motorboat and wakeboard. The scene only became more festive as more powerboats filled with locals zipped by, many of them pulling tubes loaded with screaming kids.

Along toward sunset, as a dinner of chicken curry simmered on the stove, Tucci’s friends decorated the boat for the birthday bash that turned into a ­laugh-filled night of music and revelry.

Monday started slow. We motored back to the mooring field by Bloody Mary’s and made a provisioning run for supplies to last us to the end of the trip. Then we took the tenders across the shallows at the southern tip of Bora Bora that keep big boats at bay. Besides seeing the southern tip of the island, we wanted to check out the good snorkeling area we’d visited earlier. It was a long, wet ride in the small boats, but well worth it once we got there. Visibility was better, and the fish were easier to spot and more plentiful.

Dancing
The birthday girl in pink swaps moves with the dancers. Jon Whittle

The sea was glassy and the wind was initially calm for our return to Taha’a on Tuesday. As we passed the lighthouse on the corner of the reef, a breeze began to stir, so we raised the main and motorsailed closehauled, pointing as high as we could. Then, with 6 miles to go, the wind suddenly kicked up to near 20 knots on the nose and brought with it waves that made it a slow slog the rest of way to the pass back through the reef at Taha’a.

Inside, we motored north again along the island’s west coast and picked up a mooring in Baie Tapuamu, across from where we’d anchored a week earlier. The big cat arrived soon after, and following lunch, we headed ashore for a tour of Domaine Pari Pari, a local rum distillery. The white rum had a raw taste to it, not anything like the Caribbean rums most of us were used to. But it was ­drinkable enough, poured over ice on a hot afternoon.

Wednesday was our last full day aboard the boats. In the morning, we took our snorkeling gear and went by inflatable a short way up the coast, where we were told we might find rays. Just when I thought we’d been skunked, I watched a single manta ray come up from the depths. It had about a 6-foot wingspan and wild-looking markings on its back. Most everyone got a glimpse of it gliding along the shallows before it disappeared back into the deep.

Back in the tenders, we pushed a bit farther north until we spotted a dock and buildings where we thought we might find a spot for lunch. Instead, we’d landed at the Iaorana Pearl Farm, said to be the largest in French Polynesia. The farm manages some 2 million oysters in the waters surrounding the island. 

We were introduced to a man whose job it is to sit at a desk and implant small pebbles taken from the Mississippi River and sent to Taha’a via Japan into some 300 oysters a day. The oysters are then affixed to strings and returned to the water for 18 months, when the pearls are ready to be harvested. Several of the crew purchased necklaces and such. It was hard to pass up such unique souvenirs from an unexpected stopover.

Dinner ashore
After another long day of sun and fun, the crew enjoys a dinner ashore at a favorite local spot. Jon Whittle

Midafternoon and back at the boat, it was time for one last motorsail, so we set off for Raiatea, where we dropped anchor on the reef, not far from the charter base. There was still swimming to be done and merriment to be had, but I could feel my sense of island time slipping away as we checked plane reservations and packed. That evening, we went ashore to the Fish & Blue restaurant for a last team dinner. And of course, we sat up a little too late for a last glimpse of the Southern Hemisphere’s night sky. What else would anyone do on their last night in the Society Islands?

Mark Pillsbury is a CW editor at large. 


If You Go

Sailboat on the ocean
Most charter boats come equipped with chart plotters. Still, I found that having an iPad loaded with Navionics cartography was a great help within the reefs. Jon Whittle

Our flights to Papeete, Tahiti, were booked on Air Tahiti Nui, which has regular flights from Los Angeles. From the US East Coast, it was easiest to plan an overnight at a Los Angeles hotel. Our flight across the Pacific was aboard a clean and comfortable plane, decorated in soothing tropical pastels. It’s a long flight but endurable.

From Papeete to Raiatea, we flew Air Tahiti. Flight time is just under two hours; a four and a half-hour ferry ride is a cheaper alternative.

Provisioning at the base in Raiatea is straightforward but expensive. Eating out is even more so: A $50 bill for lunch per person was common for our group, and a hamburger cost $15 to $18.

Most charter boats come equipped with chart plotters. Still, I found that having an iPad loaded with Navionics cartography was a great help within the reefs. It allowed us to have one chart zoomed out and the other zoomed in for details. When the onboard chart plotter stopped functioning one morning as we traveled along the south coast of Raiatea, we were able to carry on by iPad until I could reset the recalcitrant equipment. —MP

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More, Bigger, Better: The Modern Charter Experience https://www.cruisingworld.com/charter/the-modern-charter-experience/ Wed, 24 Jul 2024 14:47:11 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=54327 Bareboaters who want an evolved charter experience now dominate the scene, in many cases leading the industry to improve worldwide.

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Sailboat on the water
No charter is perfect, nor is any one charter experience the same. Andrea Izzotti/stock.adobe.com

Apparently, we want it all—and bareboat charter companies are trying to give it all to us. If you haven’t checked out the bareboating scene in recent years, then you might find a fair bit of it unrecognizable. Yes, personal freedom and natural beauty are still part of the package with island and river cruising alike, but in many cases, everything from the booking process to the boats has undergone a serious upgrade. 

Wet heads? A lot of today’s bareboaters won’t book boats that have them. No air conditioning? That’s a deal-breaker now too. Squeezing like sardines into itty-bitty berths? Forget about it. Life is too short.

“The boats are going more luxury,” says Lisa Mclean, ­marketing manager at Le Boat, who adds that especially since the pandemic, bareboaters are insisting on comfort. “It doesn’t have to be luxury, but people are more discerning—and people value spending money on experiences. They’re willing to spend a little bit more to have the boat customized the way they want it.” 

That includes having enough room to move. Numerous ­companies are investing in fleets with bigger boats because ­bareboaters are demanding them. This is especially true of catamarans, says Tina Huewe, US senior marketing executive at Dream Yacht Charter.

Charter companies at sea
Charter operators such as Dream Yacht Charter (left) and The Moorings (right) are seeing increased demand for spacious, modern vessels, both sailing and power, with home-like amenities including fully equipped galleys and high-quality furnishings. Courtesy Dream Yacht Charter and The Moorings

“Modern vessels are built with comfort and convenience in mind, featuring spacious cabins, fully equipped galleys and high-quality furnishings,” Huewe says. “Innovations like air conditioning, watermakers and improved refrigeration ­systems have become standard on many charter boats, ensuring a ­comfortable living environment regardless of the destination.” 

Ian Pedersen, senior marketing manager for The Moorings in North America, says that his company is experiencing the same trend, with today’s bareboaters preferring large-volume ­catamarans to smaller-volume monohulls. 

“The modern-day charter experience is very much about large catamarans,” Pedersen says. “Both sailing catamarans and power catamarans have become the norm in the charter space as guests crave space, comfort, and all the amenities of home.”

At Voyage Charters, broker Peter Jones says that he has noticed this significant change in bareboaters’ expectations in a relatively short time span. Even five years ago, Voyage Charters was booking boats with manual pump toilets and no air conditioning. Today, the new boat is the Voyage 590, which won Best Charter Boat in Cruising World’s 2022 Boat of the Year competition. 

“That boat has six equal guest cabins with walkaround beds and en suites, plus crew quarters,” Jones says. “Everything’s electric and inverts off batteries from generators that start when they’re programmed to. It’s a massive change.”

From his vantage point on Tortola, Jones says, he sees all the boats that other companies are offering for charter. The entire market, he says, has “trended radically” toward bigger boats with more amenities, including a major shift into power ­catamarans. 

Charter adventures
The guest experience is king, often as important as the destination itself. Courtesy Le Boat (2); Courtesy The Moorings; Overflightstock/stock.adobe.com

In some cases, transformations are ­happening ashore as well. The British Virgin Islands remains the top destination for The Moorings, Pedersen says, and the company recently completed extensive renovations to the marina property, hotel, on-site restaurants, gift shops and on-site supermarket. 

“If you haven’t chartered with The Moorings in the BVI recently, we welcome you to join us again and see for yourself what a difference a few years can make,” Pedersen says. 

In terms of new destinations, The Moorings recently announced its first one in years, in La Paz, Mexico. It’s expected to be up and running in time for the 2025 season. 

To the north, Le Boat recently added a route along Canada’s Trent-Severn Waterway, based on the popularity of the Rideau Canal route. Bareboaters from the United States are choosing to drive to the boats instead of hopping on a plane—about 15 to 20 percent of them with their pets in tow, for an additional $180 cleaning fee, Mclean says.

“It doesn’t have to be luxury, but people are more discerning—andpeople value spending money on experiences.”

—Lisa Mclean, Le Boat

“We’ve seen big English sheepdogs, tons of golden retrievers, and of course, the purse puppies,” she says. “We’re also seeing a lot more multigenerational travel. Pre-COVID, our smaller boats were more popular. Now, it’s the four- and five-cabin boats. I think people are appreciating being on vacation with their families, or celebrating special occasions like a wedding anniversary or a 50th birthday that they didn’t get to celebrate during COVID.”

Le Boat is also seeing a sizable increase in inquiries for Holland and the United Kingdom, particularly along rivers such as the Thames. Mclean adds, “People are more appreciative of getting on the smaller waterways and getting out of the big cities.”

Huewe says that Dream Yacht Charter is seeing a similar trend with bareboaters in Europe. Demand is increasing for destinations that just a few years ago, many people didn’t even consider.

“While Croatia has long been a favorite for sailing enthusiasts, some of its lesser-known islands are now gaining popularity,” Huewe says. “Areas such as the Kornati archipelago, in easy reach from our base in Šibenik, and the Elaphiti Islands close to Dubrovnik offer tranquil waters, picturesque landscapes, and a growing number of modern marinas.”

Technology too has become a must-have while bareboating. Today’s cruisers are not willing to settle for access to Wi-Fi once a week at an internet cafe onshore. They want USB ports to charge their devices, and the ability to work or attend school from on board. 

That profile fits at least 20 percent of Le Boat’s customers today, Mclean says. “People aren’t just traveling for vacation now. They’re working from wherever they are now. You’re on vacation, but you’re still checking email and calling in for a weekly Zoom meeting. Instead of doing it from your kitchen table, you’re doing it from the table on the boat.”

Demand has also increased for tech-focused booking processes, Pedersen says. The Moorings audience is more youthful than in decades past, with more clients in the 35- to 45-year-old range. They’d rather click on a screen than talk to a person.

Charter adventures
Modern charter boats are marvels of design and engineering, offering best-in-class comfort and convenience. The Moorings (2); Courtesy Dream Yacht Charter; Tropical Studios/stock.adobe.com

“As such, much of our planning processes have become mostly digital, allowing guests to complete almost the entirety of the pre-departure journey online before they arrive to pick up the boat,” he says.

Demand for modern tech also extends to the helm and engine room in some of today’s fleets. Bareboaters don’t just want to be online, Huewe says; they also want top-notch weather forecasting apps and eco-friendly propulsion systems.

“Modern catamarans and monohulls are now equipped with state-of-the-art navigation systems, including GPS chart plotters, AIS, and advanced autopilot systems,” Huewe says, adding that Dream Yacht Charter has partnered with Fountaine Pajot on electric-propulsion options. “The Aura 51 Smart Electric yachts have been part of the Dream Yacht fleet since spring of last year, and meanwhile have been joined by the electric Fountaine Pajot Elba 45 and various electric Dufour 530 Smart Electric models.”

Going forward, these companies say that bareboaters should expect even more creature comforts as new models join the fleets. Jones says that Voyage Charters has a 51 in the early stages of production and coming to charter next year with four en suite staterooms plus two cabins for crew. Le Boat also has plans in the works for a more luxurious option for bareboaters who want even more amenities.

“I think that as soon as one charter company is offering something to try to entice charter guests, it becomes an expectation,” Jones says. “It’s raising the bar for everyone a little bit. The result of that is that we’ve got these super-equipped charter boats with all the bells and whistles.”

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Pro-Grade Sailing Eyewear https://www.cruisingworld.com/gear/pro-grade-sailing-eyewear/ Fri, 12 Jul 2024 15:49:19 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=54138 Vallon teams with Boris Herrmann and Team Malizia for glasses made from recycled fishing nets.

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the Malizia sunglasses
Designed in-house by the Vallon team, the Malizia have a base-8 wraparound curve frame made from 85% recycled fishing nets. This leading sustainable material is an ultra-durable nylon 6, providing the right balance of strength and flexibility for all-day comfort. Courtesy Vallon/Team Malizia

Vallon, which specializes in sports eyewear, has announced a partnership with professional skipper Boris Herrmann and Team Malizia to create sustainable sunglasses called Malizia.

Designed by sailors, for sailors, the Malizia’s frames are made from 85 percent recycled fishing nets. Vallon has pledged that for every pair of Malizia sunglasses that are sold, 10 mangrove seedlings will be planted in the Malizia Mangrove Park in the Philippines.

Malizia Mangrove Park recently surpassed 1 million mangroves as part of an effort to restore the local ecosystem. An intact mangrove belt not only provides breeding areas for fish, but also food for birds and reptiles, fish and crabs. At the same time, a mangrove belt protects the coral reefs and the shore from erosion, and it helps to bind large quantities of carbon dioxide so it can’t escape into the atmosphere. Healthy mangroves also reduce strong storm tide waves that can cause damage ashore.

Hermann is the patron of Malizia Mangrove Park, and works with the Mama Earth Foundation on the reforestation effort. Mama Earth grows seedlings in its nurseries and then helps with the planting activities with support from the Philippine Department of Environmental Protection. So far, the results have included not just the environmental benefits, but also a better source of income for local residents.

Pro AM Race - Team Malizia at the Ocean Race - Cape Town Stopover
Tested day-in and day-out by Team Malizia during its rigorous ocean racing circuit, the Malizia have become a professional skipper’s best friend. Courtesy Vallon/Team Malizia

Vallon had a previous relationship with Herrmann, having created sailing sunglasses for use during the Vendée Globe challenge. Since then, the partnership has evolved, including with the release of the Malizia glasses.

Malizia is a unisex design with Vallon’s V52 polarized lenses. The recycled material in the frames is fused into a durable material called nylon 6 that is 20 percent lighter than equivalent polycarbonate or some other materials. The material also is known for good impact resistance.

“Sustainable comfort for those moments on the water when you need it most,” says Cruising World’s editor-in-chief Andrew Parkinson, who recently tested a pair of Malizia shades on a day of rigorous sea trials off the Fort Lauderdale coast. “When you’re laser-focused on putting a boat through its paces in the choppy Gulf Stream, the last thing on your mind should be having to constantly adjust your sunglasses or not being able to see the puffs sufficiently. That these glasses are also made from recycled material and that the sale of each pair helps give back to the environment felt like a win-win for me.”      

These sunglasses are lightweight, at 32 grams, and they have an ABBE value of 52, which means exceptional optical clarity. UV A/B protection is 100 percent. The frames are matte black, and the lenses have a gray tint with anti-scratch and hydro-oleophobic coatings to resist damage and water buildup.

To help with all-day comfort out on the water, there’s a Base-8 wraparound curve in the design for peripheral protection, as well as a soft rubber nose pad.

Each pair of Malizia sunglasses is delivered plastic-free with a clip-on hook and belt straps, along with a protective case.

The sunglasses, which have a suggested retail price of about $155, come with a Vallon lifetime warranty.

Where to learn more: Visit vallon.com.

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A World Away: Cruising the Tobago Cays https://www.cruisingworld.com/destinations/a-world-away-cruising-the-tobago-cays/ Fri, 05 Jul 2024 14:13:48 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=53993 In the Grenadines, simply cruising from one island to the next can bring you a completely different experience.

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Striker entering the Tobago Cays, with the small islets of Petit Rameau, Petit Bateau and Baradal ahead. David H. Lyman

There’s always a feeling of excitement mixed with a twinge of anxiety as the mooring pendant drops, or the anchor is catted, and a voyage begins. What do they say? The thrill in adventure is just this side of terror.

This time, it was the Friday before Easter. Any savvy sailor knows that you never begin a voyage on a Friday, not even on Good Friday.

Our plan was for a quick hop from Bequia down to the Tobago Cays, then to clear customs at Union Island, and then to head to nearby Carriacou. We wanted to visit the shipwrights who still build wooden boats the old way. We would begin our real voyage northward, up through the Lesser Antilles, the following week.

The wind was light as we headed out of Bequia’s Admiralty Bay and motored past Moonhole, an abandoned villa carved into the cliffs along the bay’s southern rampart. We rounded Western Cay with the dinghy tagging along behind and headed south-southwest, aiming for the island of Canouan. This string of islands in St. Vincent and the Grenadines stretches for 30 miles and has a lot going for it. The islands are all within sight of one another, all within an easy beam reach, and each different, with anchorages, communities ashore and great diving. It’s a smaller version of the British Virgin Islands.

Map of getting through Tobago Cays to Carriacou
Chart of the Grenadines, from St. Vincent to Union Island and Petit St. Vincent. David H. Lyman

I consulted my copy of Chris Doyle’s Guide to the Windward Islands as a lazy swell came from the east, barely noticeable on the calm, flat sea. With the sails rolled up and the autopilot set, the boat’s owner and I settled into the cockpit for the two-hour passage to Canouan.

Tobago Cays
The author’s daughter, Red, is ready to plunge into the clear turquoise waters of the Tobago Cays. David H. Lyman

Lounging there in the cockpit, under the dodger and Bimini top, I found much to like about this 30-year-old yacht. It was quality-built, with a lot of thought put into the design. Handholds were where you wanted them; the push-pit surrounded the cockpit; stout stainless steel rails extended forward to midship; and 30-inch-high lifelines ran forward from there. The decks were uncomplicated. The anchor platform on the bow was well planned. There was a good-size windlass with a chain break. A single bow roller housed the Rocna anchor. There was room on the foredeck to strap down the dinghy offshore.

I was happy to be aboard as Bequia dropped astern and two small islands appeared 2 miles off to port: Petit Nevis and Isle à Quatre. On the horizon, 5 miles farther east, was Mustique, a hideaway for royalty and the jet set. (Neither of us were appropriately attired for a visit.) Ahead, Canouan was visible, and beyond that, the rugged peaks of Union Island, looking like a gateway to Jurassic Park, only 24 miles away.

Canouan was one of the poorest islands in the Caribbean when I anchored there 15 years ago. Then, hotel developers expanded the airport to accommodate private jets. The residents now have a slightly higher standard of living. Grand Bay is the main harbor and anchorage, but we kept going.

Bobby’s fruit and produce market in the Clifton town square. David H. Lyman

Back in 2010, my family and I spent an overnight near here. It was a night to remember. We had anchored in 16 feet of water, off the Tamarind Beach Hotel’s dock near The Moorings charter base. The wind began to whistle down through the valleys. Gusts were heeling our 57-foot ketch. I had 100 feet of chin out on a 70-pound Bruce, but we were creeping ever closer to a catamaran anchored astern.

I got the kids (then 9 and 11) out of bed to help. The spare bow anchor was a 45-pound Danforth on 30 feet of chain and 200 feet of five-eighths nylon rode. While I brought the RIB around to the bow, the kids untied the Danforth and pulled out the chain and rode from below. They lowered the Danforth over the bow rollers as I guided it into the dink and then motored out 100 feet or more, with the kids paying out the line. Eventually, I slipped the anchor over the side—none of that anchor-throwing stuff for me.

Back aboard, we took in the rode until the anchor chain was slack. The kids were too excited to sleep, as was I. Throughout the night, the wind plucked out a tune in the boat’s rigging.

I thought about that memory as my current ride, Striker, rounded Canouan’s west end. We headed for the next small island, Mayreau, 4 miles away. On its northern tip is a perfect little anchorage, Salt Whistle Bay (more of a cove, really). Its palm-fringed beach and scattering of bars and restaurants make it too popular for those looking to get away from the crowd.

We were heading for an even more magical spot in the Tobago Cays. As we approached, I went forward and sat on the pulpit to watch the water change from deep, offshore blue to pale, with the seabed visible 30 feet below. The pale blue nearly changed to white as we approached the beach. Brown patches denoted coral heads and reefs. This was one lovely and lonely piece of the Caribbean, with only an open sea to the horizon in the distance.

David H. Lyman aboard the boat to Bimini
Richard hand-steers Striker through the shallows of Tobago Cays. David H. Lyman

It was late March with the season drawing to a close, but there were two powerboats and a dozen or more sailboats anchored. When I had last come through, it was late January with dozens of boats and beaches full of people.

My preference would be to anchor off the beach at Petit St. Vincent, a private resort that’s far from the crowds, yet within a short dinghy ride to excellent snorkeling. We passed Palm Island, with its resort and villas, and ended up in Clifton Harbor. I had been here a few times, including in 2010 after a month in Grenada.

Back then, we had planned to stop at Union Island for the night. While looking for a spot to anchor, a helpful West Indian chap had come along side in his pirogue, inquiring if we needed a mooring.

“How much?” I asked.

“100 EC.” About $60.

“Too much. We’ll anchor. Thank you, though.”

My new friend was persistent, and we settled for about $30.

“Where?” I asked.

“Follow me.”

He led us to a mooring right in front of the yacht club’s pier. How convenient. I gave him the fee, thanked him, and off he went in his colorful fishing boat. My family climbed into our RIB and went ashore to clear in.

Richard waiting for clearance paperwork to be completed in Clifton. Cost: $28. David H. Lyman

Back on board that afternoon, as I was settling in with a rum and tonic, a day-charter catamaran approached with a woman on the bow. She shouted for us to get off the mooring. My kids ran forward to drop our mooring line as I started the engine, and we circled the harbor, searching for a spot to anchor. By the time our boat was secure, I was fuming.

I spied the pirogue tied to the fishermen’s dock, jumped into our RIB and sped ashore.

“I think he’s at his mother’s place,” an elderly chap told me. “Here, Bert will take you.”

I climbed into a nearby taxi. Off we went—first to his mother’s house, then to his wife’s, then to his girlfriend’s and, finally, back to the pier. My “friend” was waiting. He handed me a $100 EC bill. 

“You got change?” he asked. 

I ignored him and headed for my dinghy. He followed. We climbed into our respective boats. He circled our sailboat. My kids hid behind the staysail bag on the foredeck while I argued the taxi fare, the illegal mooring rental, and the unfairness of it all.

two people on a fishing boat
Clifton Harbor’s teenage mooring agents, Dontie (astern) and AJ (bow), come alongside to rent us a mooring. David H. Lyman

After a while, he realized I wasn’t going to give him the money. He left. I lay awake in the cockpit most of the night, fearing retaliation.

But back to today. 

This time, as we passed the harbor entrance buoy, a pirogue with two teenage boys roared up along the side. The taller boy at the engine yelled: “Do you want a mooring?”

“How much?”

“For you, I give you a discount. Usually $150EC. Today, it’s $100.”

“Too much,” I replied.

He lowered his price.

“Done. Now where?”

“Follow me.”

They led us to a sorry-looking buoy with an encrusted pendant. We passed one of our lines through the eye of the foul-looking thing. I paid the boys and they took off.

Not trusting the mooring, I donned a mask and snorkel. I swam down the mooring line to the bottom, where it disappeared into the mud. It looked as if it had been there for a century.

bazaar in the caribbean
Fresh produce on colorful display at a local vendor stand. David H. Lyman

We dinghied ashore, tied up at the yacht club, and walk into town, through a bazaar of colorful awnings, umbrellas and tents above everything from jewelry, bikinis and vegetables to artwork and fruit.

We couldn’t resist the two-story Tipsy Turtle. We tucked into a booth on the upstairs porch, ordered rum punches, and surveyed the scene below.  

Tomorrow, we would hop over to Carriacou and clear in.

We could see it from where we sat—only half a day from Bequia, yet in another world.

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Caribbean Safety Briefing https://www.cruisingworld.com/people/caribbean-safety-briefing/ Fri, 05 Jul 2024 13:45:15 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=53976 Have you thought about what options you would have ready if an intruder boarded your boat in the night?

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Dinghy chain
Lock your dinghy to the dinghy dock. Use chain, not cable, and a keyed lock. It’s hard to see the dials of a combination lock late at night. David H. Lyman

I had just arrived in Bequia to help a friend sail his Reliance 44 cutter, Striker, up the island chain to Antigua. Our plan was to sail down to Grenada for a quick look and then head back north.

However, in February, the disappearance of an American couple on their yacht in Grenada put a damper on many cruisers’ plans to visit. My friend was less than enthusiastic, so we elected to forgo Grenada and sail only as far south as Carriacou. We both wanted to see the shipwrights who still build wooden boats by hand, without plans. Then we’d head north, maybe.

Along the way, we obviously wanted to protect ourselves and the boat against any strangers who tried to board it. A good start is to have someone sleep out on deck. When I’m cruising in the islands, I always sleep in the cockpit, mainly because it’s too stuffy for me below. By sleeping on deck, I’m also more aware of my environment. The only downsides are the full moon and rain showers. A wind shift or something rubbing along the hull can awaken me; so far, thankfully, it has never been an uninvited guest.

Even so, as I nestle into my made-up berth in the cockpit, I often imagine how I might respond if an intruder, or intruders, were to board my boat. Fight or flight? Confront or acquiesce? In 1966, as a US Navy journalist, I went through combat training with the US Marines in preparation for deployment to Vietnam. Those lessons are still with me.

Dinghy dock in the Caribbean
Dinghy dock at Falmouth Harbour, Antigua David H. Lyman

Be aware and prepare.

Know that the dinghy is secure, either locked on astern or hauled up alongside.

Be sure that the swim ladder is up and secure

Have something on hand that could be used to discourage a boarder.

Public enemy number one for uninvited guests with ill intentions David H. Lyman

Think about what could be added for security. Pepper spray is an option. A dose of that spray in an intruder’s face, from 10 feet away, renders him blind, stumbling around, cursing and wondering how to get off the boat without falling overboard. (Before leaving Maine to join Richard in Bequia, I bought a $14 can and stuffed it into my checked luggage.)

A powerful flashlight is another innocent-looking weapon that many cruisers already have on board. The bright light floods the intruder’s face, destroying his night vision. For a few minutes, the intruder becomes blind, stumbling around the deck in an attempt to escape the light.

Flashlights
Lots of options for flashlights. Every boat should have one by the companionway or at the helm. The bigger the better, as they also look like a baton. David H. Lyman

Also have a handheld air horn. A prolonged blast in the intruder’s face will leave him more concerned about retreat than attack. At that point, a long-handled boat hook might help prod the suddenly blind, deaf intruder to a hasty exit over the side.

airhorn
The Hornet compressed air horn is rechargeable and can sustain ear-splitting, 121-decibel blasts for 15 minutes. David H. Lyman

The surprise of having someone confront an intruder is also a deterrent. Most uninvited boarders are not professionals; they don’t expect someone to confront them. Now, I’m not advocating for this as a general practice, but it is something to consider. Start by making sure the air horn and flashlight are within reach.

A prolonged horn blast will also alert anyone else anchored nearby. Commodore Joan Conover of the Seven Seas Cruising Association told me that she is a fan of the WoodsCan Hornet airhorn, which retails online for about $260. “First, it has a fast and easy-to-use pistol grip,” Conover said. “Second, boy, does it make noise!”

Keep the boat’s VHF radio on Channel 16, all night. If another boat makes the call that there’s an intruder in the anchorage, you’ll hear it. You’ll also be able to put out your own warning.

Thinking about bringing a gun on board? It’s not a wise move unless you are trained to use it, and have used it under fire. Shooting at clay pigeons doesn’t count. They don’t shoot back. You’re likely to do more damage with a gun than the intruder will. Even highly trained police officers make poor judgment calls in these kinds of situations.  

Preparation is preferable to confrontation, so try not to look like easy pickings. If your boat seems as if it would be hard to get aboard, then thieves will pass it by. Captain Josh Slocum, the solo circumnavigator, scattered steel carpet tacks on the deck at night when at anchor in a strange cove. The screams of pain from anyone boarding unannounced would awaken the savvy old skipper. 

Braun spotlight
This 6000-lumens handheld light is waterproof, rechargeable and versatile. David H. Lyman

Capt. Fatty Goodlander, a regular Cruising World contributor, rigged a homemade pressure switch under the cockpit grating. If an intruder steps into the cockpit, a loud horn activates, frightening the attacker and waking the good captain.

How about installing a motion detector on your boat’s mast, like the one that turns on my driveway lights when anyone drives in? I welcome the illuminated drive when I arrive at night, but an intruder may not. Wire one of those lights up to the spreader lights, and aim it aft. As soon as someone approaches the stern, the light comes on. That’s enough to scare away an intruder, and it’s handy when you arrive back from an evening ashore.

Be aware of what’s around you. If you are anchored alone in a strange cove, take extra precautions. Going ashore? Secure the dinghy, the engine and the fuel tank with a half-inch chain and a lock. Wire cables can be cut.

St. Anne dinghy dock
Dinghy dock at the village of St. Anne on Martinique David H. Lyman

These days, there’s a scam on the islands in which dinghies go missing, not to be sold, but to be ransomed. When you come back from dinner, a helpful young chap shows up and says he knows where your dinghy is. He’s more than willing to show you for $500.

Some cruisers own a dog or two. If they are well trained and alert, they are worth their weight in gold.  

Resources to Help You Stay Safe

Doyle Guides addresses security in the Windward Islands in its guide books and app. The guide also notes anchorages where thefts are common.

Facebook groups for cruisers are another good source of information.

The Seven Seas Cruising Association, a worldwide organization for liveaboard cruisers, shares recent and past incidents on its website: www.ssca.org. Readers can sign up for daily or weekly notifications. 

Writer Chris Doyle provided a look at crime in the islands in the April 2024 issue of Caribbean Compass: www.caribbeancompass.com.

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Are Cats Killing the Monohull? https://www.cruisingworld.com/people/are-cats-killing-the-monohull/ Tue, 25 Jun 2024 16:09:37 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=53836 There always seems to be a “wow” moment whenever a monohull sailor sets foot aboard a catamaran for the first time.

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Windelo 50
Monohull performance might be better upwind, usually outpointing a multihull, but once you’re off the wind, a catamaran really shines. Courtesy Windelo Catamarans

As winds of change continue to sweep through our sailing community, and as more participants enter the world of cruising, a startling question has emerged: Could the traditional monohull actually lose its market dominance to the up-and-coming catamaran? 

For years, the monohull-­versus-cat discussion has ignited passion among sailors worldwide. As we all continue the great debate about which type of boat is better, sales figures offer a hint at what kinds of boats we might see along the docks in the future.

According to market research by the Maryland-based Fact.MR, the global ­catamaran market stood at $1.9 billion in 2023. It is expected to see an annual growth rate of around 5.6 percent during the next 10 years. Interestingly, although sailing catamarans held a share of more than 50 percent globally in 2022, power catamarans are projected to see a noticeable increase compared with sail.

Why the sustained rise in popularity? In my experience, there always seems to be a “wow” moment whenever a monohull sailor sets foot aboard a catamaran for the first time.

Who can blame them? These sporty, twin-hulled vessels have spacious layouts, stability, and impressive speed. Catamarans come with expansive accommodations, making them ideal for extended cruising with family and friends. Their shallow drafts enable better access to skinny water, opening up new horizons for adventurous cruisers. Some proponents go so far as to suggest that catamarans represent the future of sailing.

But there is also reason to pump the brakes on wild-eyed predictions. Even amid this catamaran craze, the venerable monohull refuses to be sidelined. With its time-tested design and seafaring heritage, the monohull remains the stalwart of the sailing world. Monohulls are renowned for their stability and seaworthiness. They excel in challenging conditions. They are a dependable choice for extended offshore journeys. They slice through waves with grace and precision. Many sailors favor monohulls for their responsiveness and feel, making them the preferred option for racing enthusiasts and purists alike.

According to Grand View Research, the monohull segment dominated the overall market with a share of 59 percent in 2023 and will grow at an annual rate of 4.4 percent through 2033. That steady growth suggests that, while multihulls undoubtedly have carved out a significant niche in the sailing market, ­monohulls continue to hold their own. 

Yet, it would be remiss to ignore the challenges that monohulls face in the age of catamarans. As demand for spaciousness and comfort grows, some monohulls might struggle to compete with multihulls. Catamarans’ stability at anchor and under sail has prompted many sailors to make the switch—raising questions about the future of monohull design and innovation. But that’s a conversation for another day. 

The debate about ­catamarans and monohulls extends beyond mere preference. It’s a reflection of the evolving landscape of sailing. Both types of vessels have their strengths and weaknesses, catering to different sailing styles, preferences and priorities. But the question of whether catamarans are killing off traditional monohulls is more nuanced than it might seem. While catamarans have shaken up the sailing scene, monohulls continue to endure, driven by the timeless art of sailing. 

As for me, give me a favorable breeze, a big patch of water and some Bob Marley, and I’ll gladly take the helm, whether it’s one hull or two.

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Selling My Soul? A Lifelong Sailor Dabbles in Diesel https://www.cruisingworld.com/destinations/selling-my-soul-a-lifelong-sailor-dabbles-in-diesel/ Wed, 12 Jun 2024 15:00:00 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=53698 I barely averted an existential crisis as I swapped my usual monohull ride for a weeklong spin on a Moorings power catamaran.

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the Indians
No adventure in the British Virgin Islands is complete until you’ve picked up a mooring, donned a mask and fins, and had an exploratory snorkel around the famous rock outcropping known as the Indians. Jon Whittle

It was a stunning, sensational, even quintessential December morning off Jost Van Dyke in the always alluring British Virgin Islands. Back home in New England, I’d just learned, the season’s first nasty nor’easter had kicked in—a preview of winter’s coming attractions. But there I was in shorts, and barefoot, warm and happy. I had a hot cup of coffee in my hand, and someone was thoughtfully streaming one of my favorite recording artists, Tom Petty, whose “A Higher Place” was the perfect soundtrack on the inviting forward trampoline of the Moorings catamaran. 

A good 15 to 25 knots of staunch, easterly trade winds—the so-called Christmas trades—were in full voice. With my hair whipping in the breeze, it occurred to me that it was an absolutely stellar day to reef down, strap up, and go for a cracking-good sail.  

But there would be no sailing for me on this day, or on any of the ensuing ones during our quick charter trip through the BVI. No, the twin-hulled vessel on which I was perched was­—gasp!— a Moorings 464PC power cat. 

Suddenly, I came to the sobering realization that, at least ­temporarily, I was likely in the midst of abandoning my very roots and selling my sailing soul. And I was having a decidedly difficult time coming to terms with it.

Mooring at the Indians
Who needs a mast? With Tortola in the distance, a Moorings power cat will get you to the Indians just fine and before the crowds show up. Jon Whittle

I’ve always fancied myself an all-around waterman. I got my scuba diving card decades ago, and I really enjoy open-ocean swimming. My current personal armada includes three kayaks, two surfboards, a good rowboat, and two sailboats: a daysailing Pearson Ensign and a full-fledged Pearson 365 cruising boat. Note what isn’t there, and never has been: a powerboat. Alas, I’ve spent my entire career advocating for and endorsing the sanctity of sail. 

Well, all that said, a guy has to make a buck. I’d been hired to host a pair of Moorings videos for the company’s two new power cats, the 464 and the 403PC. So, this was a press junket of sorts, giving me an opportunity to become familiar with the boats. It doesn’t mean I wasn’t a little unsettled by the experience. Then again, I was in the BVI. It was time to buck up, old boy, and get on with it. 

Virgin Gorda is a pretty good place to do just that. After we dropped the mooring in Jost and made our way up the windswept, whitecapped Sir Francis Drake Channel, I had my first revelation regarding my current situation: No, we weren’t sailing. But neither were any of the sailboats darting hither and yon, all of which were proceeding under power, just like us. It was too darn breezy. 

Bitter End Yacht Club
In Virgin Gorda, the iconic Bitter End Yacht Club resort is rebuilding step-by-step. Jon Whittle

We tied up at the Bitter End Yacht Club, and it was truly great to see the iconic island destination slowly coming back to life after getting flattened a few years back by Hurricane Irma. The highlight of our overnight stay was the next morning’s sweaty hike up the hill behind the resort, followed by a refreshing dip and a couple of eye-opening bloody marys at the convenient bar right alongside the beach. My trepidation about my situation was slowly beginning to wane. As it did on the next leg of our journey. 

Donkey
On the low-lying island of Anegada, you never know when you’re going to meet one of the locals strolling down the road. Jon Whittle

Thanks to a tip from a local, we exited Virgin Gorda through an extremely narrow, very shallow cut between Anguilla Point and Mosquito Island, something we never would’ve gotten away with on a keelboat. Advantage, power cat. From there, we were bound for one of my favorite islands in all of the Caribbean: low-lying Anegada, the outlying isle encircled by coral reefs some 10 miles north of Virgin Gorda. I’d not visited the place in my previous pair of trips to the BVI simply because of a time crunch. You really need to invest three days for an Anegada visit—a day over, a day there and a day back—which is often a bridge too far when trying to cram all sorts of activities into a weeklong sailboat charter.

You know where I’m going with this. The power catamaran solved this dilemma posthaste. With the throttles down at 3,100 rpm, we flew to Anegada at a tidy 16-plus knots. Once there, our photographer proclaimed that he was enjoying our steed for a reason that never would’ve occurred to me: It’s much easier to catch a drone without a mast.

Bar in Anegada
Also in Anegada, there’s always a convenient beach bar to slake your thirst. Jon Whittle

Our quick trip over meant we had plenty of time to do all the things one wishes to do in Anegada. Rent a car. Hit Loblolly Beach for a snorkel and lunch. Search for the pink flamingos. Patronize a couple of beach bars. Your basic perfect day. 

Back on the boat, hanging off the mooring lines after yet another wonderful swim, I could glance back with a view through the twin hulls to catch the sunset framed between them. Pretty cool. And once darkness settled in, the underwater lights off our transom proved to be a tarpon magnet. We sipped our drinks with the super-cool water-world show just a few tantalizing feet away. We’d basically brought our own aquarium with us. 

With our abbreviated trip coming to its conclusion, we had one more stop, at the Bight on Norman Island. Ironically, by this time, the breeze had temporarily frittered away, and guess what? In these calm conditions, the sailboats still weren’t sailing. 

The harbor was chock-full of vacationing mariners, but thanks to our big twin diesels, we were there in time to pick up one of the last moorings. I’m not always the sharpest tool in the shed, but I was beginning to see the advantages of this power-cat situation. If anyone ever asked my advice about a BVI charter for a first-timer, here’s what I’d say: If you’re a sailor, unequivocally, you must book a good sailboat for your adventure. There’s too much nautical history and lore not to sample the archipelago’s joys and challenges as the first explorers did, under glorious sail. But if you’re on your second or third or fourth visit? Hmm. Those power cats are pretty convenient.

Moorings 464PC and Moorings 403PC
Power trip: Underway from Virgin Gorda, the Moorings 464PC (foreground) and Moorings 403PC made short work of the cruise over from the Bitter End Yacht Club. Jon Whittle

Still, I was seriously conflicted about writing a magazine story espousing the benefits of power cruising. Our photographer was sympathetic and said, “You could title it ‘Low Sodium: The Retractions of a Salty Man.’” Even for me, that sounded pretty pretentious. Then he broke it down into something simpler to understand: “Look, man, you were afloat.”

And that struck a chord. His simple statement has really been the common denominator of my entire existence. I’ve always been an equal-opportunity lover of the water, whatever the conveyance, from my own eclectic fleet to a bloody pool toy. Whatever gets you out there, gets you out there. There’s no wrong way to do it. 

And that was that. I had reached the happy and consolable conclusion that I hadn’t really been power-cat cruising, not at all. No, mon, as they say in the islands. I’d been floating.

Herb McCormick is a CW editor-at-large.


Power-Cat Ownership The Moorings’ Way

Bitter End Yacht Club
Parked in paradise: It’s always a great day when you score adjacent dock slips at the Bitter End Yacht Club on Virgin Gorda. Jon Whittle

As of this writing, The Moorings has a pair of power catamarans available in its yacht-management program at Tortola. Both were built in South Africa by Robertson & Caine, which also produces the Leopard line of sail and power cats. The Moorings 403PC is powered by a pair of 320 hp Yanmar diesels and has a cruising speed of 15 knots. The Moorings 464 is also powered with a pair of twin Yanmars and is laid out in a four-head, four-stateroom configuration.

Franck Bauguil, Moorings’ vice president of yacht ownership and product development, says that it’s a great program for mariners who charter multiple times each year. “If you’re going to go only once a year, or every other year, just charter a boat, don’t buy it,” he says. However, if you go three or four times a year, on trips that can cost up to $25,000 apiece, the Moorings package is well worth considering.

“The program has been around for a long time,” he says. “So it’s well-known among sailors, but not as much with powerboaters. Our fleet of boats is all privately owned, but we take care of operations and management. You buy the boat, you own it and name it; it’s very much a regular purchase. But with that purchase comes a management agreement where we maintain the boat on behalf of the owner and charter it to a third party when they’re not using it.”

As with any boat purchase, owners can lay down the cash or go the finance route. For the latter, what’s the cost? The numbers as of this past fall showed that most owners put down 20 to 25 percent of the cost of the yacht, which, in the case of The Moorings’ 403PC, was about $1 million, with a down payment just shy of $200,000. At 8.25 percent interest on a 20-year loan, the monthly payment of about $6,700 was offset by the guaranteed income of just under $7,500 per month. Management contracts generally run five or six years, after which the owner can keep the boat, trade it in, or have The Moorings’ brokerage operation place it for sale.

For personal usage, owners receive 84 points per year, with the cost of trips equating to two points per day. Of those 84 points, 42 can be used to reserve trips in advance, and 42 can be employed on short notice. Generally, this breaks down to four to six weeks per year of in-season trips, or up to 12 weeks per year of cruising in the off-season. —HM

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The Case for Multihulls https://www.cruisingworld.com/people/the-case-for-multihulls/ Wed, 12 Jun 2024 13:48:15 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=53692 Many monohull sailors have the same questions about making the switch. Kurt Jerman has the answers.

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Lagoon 51
Two staircases lead to the flybridge aboard the Lagoon 51 catamaran, one for the helmsman and one for the guests. This double access allows for a nice flow between onboard living spaces, a common theme throughout the entirety of the yacht. Courtesy Lagoon Catamarans

According to Kurt Jerman, head of West Coast Multihulls, the questions come hard and fast at a boat show anytime a ­lifelong monohuller is ­considering a move to the multihull side. 

  • Is multihull cruising really all that different from the monohull experience? 
  • In what ways? 
  • What are the key differences between catamarans and trimarans? 
  • Could a multihull flip over? Then what? 

With the great debate between monohulls and multihulls having drawn on for decades, we sat down with Jerman to get some honest ­answers to questions he ­typically fields from the “cat curious” crowd.    

CW: You often hear about the comfort factor of the multihull platform. What’s the root of that appeal?  

KJ: The most noticeable thing about sailing a catamaran or trimaran versus a traditional monohull is the lack of heeling. Even when powered up, a cat or tri will rarely heel more than 5 to 10 degrees before it’s time to reef. Gone are the days of bracing yourself in the cockpit and living your life underway at 20 or more degrees of angle. In my opinion, it’s a much more relaxing and convenient way to sail. No question about that. There are a few exceptions when it comes to the newer breed of large performance cruising cats (which can heel 10-plus degrees), but these are still fairly fresh to the cruising market.  

What can multihull owners expect in terms of speed and sailing performance?

Cruising catamarans will typically be 25 percent to 30 percent faster than a cruising monohull of the same length. You basically reach near-­racing monohull speeds, but with all the creature comforts that come with a cat. Trimarans are an entirely different deal because they trend more toward the performance end of the spectrum, and can regularly double the sailing speed of monohulls on nearly any point of sail.

Seawind 1170
The cabin top/boom relationship on the Seawind 1170 gives the operator easy access to the entire foot of the mainsail. Walter Cooper

Keep in mind that catamarans and trimarans are, however, much more sensitive to loading. Performance will suffer more on a cat that is loaded for cruising than on a comparable monohull. Keeping the boat light can be difficult, but it is critical if fast passages are your goal. Reefing also becomes more important. 

Sailing catamarans and, to a lesser extent, trimarans too, require vigilance when it comes to reefing. Because they don’t heel much, almost all additional wind force is converted to load on the rig. That’s where the speed comes from. But since the pressure on the sails quadruples as the windspeed doubles, crews must keep an eye on the weather and make sure to reef in good time to keep the boat safe and sailing flat. In fact, a properly reefed cat or tri will sail faster too, in freshening breezes. All manufacturers supply written guidelines denoting apparent-wind speeds that require additional reefing.  

What about safety? And are multihulls really unsinkable, or is that a myth? 

There are many aspects to safety where catamarans and trimarans shine. Often overlooked is the safety margin introduced with level sailing. It is much easier to keep crew aboard in rough weather when the boat stays level and is pitching less. Also, large cockpit spaces keep crew better protected and situated well away from the lifelines. 

The speed of a multihull is another safety factor. With decent weather information, it’s relatively easy to sail around severe weather systems before they can bear down on you. Should something go horribly awry and the boat gets flipped—which is highly rare and requires extreme circumstances—the lack of ballast and additional positive flotation means that nearly every catamaran and trimaran produced in the past few decades will remain on the surface of the water, right side up or not, until a rescue can be made. Nearly all cruising cats and tris have a substantial amount of reserve buoyancy, in the form of closed-cell foam, stashed in the nooks and crannies of the boat. Because of this, most of these boats could literally be cut into pieces, and all of those pieces would still float. 

How do multihulls handle under power and in close quarters?  

Cruising catamarans and trimarans, with their easily driven hull forms and light weight, enjoy excellent fuel efficiency when compared with monohulls, and track very straight. Cats almost always have twin engines, set many feet apart, which allows for tremendous control in tight situations. In fact, the boat can be spun in place or crabbed sideways without any way on. Try that on a monohull. 

Prop walk is minimal or nonexistent as well, and the redundancy of a second engine is appreciated should a mechanical issue arise ­underway. Nearly all trimarans have just one engine, so the differences there are slight.  

How much gain can boaters expect in usable living space?  

Typically, a catamaran will have the volume below equivalent to a monohull 10-plus feet larger. When combined with added cockpit space, possibly a flybridge, and more than doubling the deck space, it becomes a whole different ballgame. It’s important to note that you not only gain a tremendous amount of space, but nearly all of that space is very livable and comfortable as well, whether at anchor or underway. 

Lagoon 55
For many monohullers, it takes only one look into the salon of a catamaran like the Lagoon 55 to fall in love with the wide-open living space and stunning views. Courtesy Lagoon Catamarans

However, trimarans don’t show an increase in interior volume, and in fact tend to be smaller below than monohulls of the same size. This is mitigated some by the additional stowage in the amas and added net space, but the narrower, performance-oriented main hull tends to be less than palatial. 

How can multihulls get away with such shallow drafts? 

Because a multihull’s stability comes from the beam and extra hulls—form stability—there is no need for ballast or a substantial keel. This reduces overall weight and, importantly, draft as well. It is common for a 40-plus-foot cruising cat to have a draft less than 4 feet, allowing sailors to explore shallow areas where monohullers fear to tread. Belize, the Bahamas, the Great Barrier Reef? No problem. Gunkholing around Mexico and the Chesapeake is easier too. 

If you have some quick underwater maintenance to do, such as replacing prop-shaft seals, zincs or a through-hull, most cats can be dried out at low tide on a flat area of sand or solid ground, resting happily on their stubby little keels. You can also nose right up to that perfect beach if the weather allows. 

Trimarans typically have no keels at all, and instead rely on a centerboard to prevent leeway, making them perfect for beaching. Boom-tent camping, anyone?

What if it flips?  

While a scenario like this is theoretically possible and has happened in very rare, heavy-weather situations when any vessel would be in distress, it takes very high winds, too much sail (see reefing, above), and large breaking waves to flip a modern cruising cat or trimaran.

Multihull sailors might find it reassuring to know that their cat or tri will remain on the surface, as a big life raft and highly visible spotting target.

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Why Boaters Love Bequia https://www.cruisingworld.com/destinations/why-boaters-love-bequia/ Thu, 30 May 2024 20:29:30 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=53475 This hot spot in the Caribbean Windward islands has everything you need to stock up for a long sail, or to stay and relax for a whole season.

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Bequia dock at sunset
Whether enjoyed from the deck of a sailboat or from the shore, Bequia’s sunsets offer a serene and unforgettable experience for cruisers. David H. Lyman

It was March, and I’d survived another winter in Maine. Since the fall, I’d been following Richard Thomas, a fellow Mainer, on Facebook. He’d been sailing his Reliance 44 cutter Strider to Bermuda and then to the Caribbean. By late March, he was holed up at Bequia. 

“Got a spare bunk aboard that boat of yours?” I wrote. “I have a need to go sailing.”

I’d met Richard, a building contractor, two years earlier in Antigua’s English Harbour. I was there to cover the Antigua Classic Yacht Regatta, and he’d just arrived on Strider from the Bahamas. We’d been sharing notes ever since. 

Our plan from Bequia was to sail down to Grenada for two days, and then island-hop back up the chain, anchoring in a cove or harbor every night. Eventually, we’d visit eight islands—Union Island, Carriacou, Grenada, St. Lucia, Martinique, Dominica, Les Saintes and Guadeloupe—but first, we’d spend a week on Bequia, prepping the boat, provisioning and spending a little time enjoying the tourist life.

Getting provisions
Provisioning in Bequia is a delight for boaters, with several well-stocked grocery stores and markets offering a variety of fresh produce, local specialties, and essential supplies. David H. Lyman

I booked a mid-March flight to St. Vincent, and 20 fellow travelers and I caught the last ferry to Bequia. The hour-long ride got us into Port Elizabeth by 9 that night, and I was aboard Strider with a rum in my hand by 9:30.

Richard had assigned me a bunk in a small cabin aft, near the companionway. It was tight, and with no overhead hatch to scoop in a cooling night breeze. I began looking at the cockpit. It also was a bit tight, but the seats were long and wide enough to stretch out. Nights are warm enough, so only a sheet is needed. I’d brought my own. 

An Old Friend

The next morning, Richard and I headed into town. As we approached the dinghy dock, I saw that Bequia hadn’t changed much in 15 years. My family and I had spent part of a season here in 2010, boat-schooling our kids on Searcher, our Bowman 57 ketch. 

It was good to be back. The dinghy dock was crowded with another dozen RIBs. Since it was a cruise-ship day, dozens of tourists struggled out of a launch and then lined up dutifully, led like sheep to a half dozen open-air buses bound for a two-hour tour. I knew they’d only scratch the surface. Bequia is one of the smallest inhabited islands in the Eastern Caribbean, but it has a huge reputation in the cruising community. The 5,000 residents are welcoming, and Admiralty Bay is an open anchorage with enough space for 100 yachts, and a cruise ship or two.

people with dinghies
From the dinghy dock, it’s a short walk to the charming waterfront town of Port Elizabeth, where visitors can find a variety of shops, restaurants, markets and marine supply shops. David H. Lyman

This island has no mass-market resort chains. There are a few small, luxury hotels, including Bequia Plantation Hotel, Bequia Beach Hotel and The Liming Hotel, along with B&Bs and rental spots scattered about the hillsides. In season, though, the anchorage may have more bunks afloat than are available ashore, with most of the boats carrying a well-worn copy of the Sailor’s Guide to the Windward Islands by Chris Doyle.

Richard and I shouldered our shopping bags, dodged the tourists and made our way to the Bank of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, which houses the island’s sole ATM. If there’s a cruise ship in the harbor, the machine will be out of cash by noon. A handful of small grocery stores is also here, but you have to visit them all, as not one has everything. You can stop along the way at an open-air bar for a bottle of Sparrow’s rum, made on St. Vincent.

Shopping for food is a challenge. You don’t go in with a list; you see what’s available and then decide what’s for dinner. “It’s the availability of meat and poultry,” Richard said, pawing through a chest freezer. “That’s the challenge. There’s never any steak, hardly any hamburger, occasionally some pork, but lots of chicken parts, mostly legs, rarely any breast meat.”

Fruit stand in Bequia
Exploring Bequia’s markets and roadside stands is a delightful experience for food enthusiasts. David H. Lyman

All of the food on Bequia comes from St. Vincent on ferries. Fruit and vegetables are available at open-air fruit and vegetable stands, some no larger than a card table. The covered market was abuzz 15 years ago, full of stalls bursting with fresh food, but as I walked through in March, only two stalls were open. The local entrepreneurs must have discovered that they could simply set up shop on the street and not pay the market rent. Doris’ Fresh Food and Yacht Provisioning is an upscale, air-conditioned store with everything that wealthy expats and visiting sailors desire, from Swiss chocolate to exotic coffees and wine. Doris also has a large frozen meat and poultry section, at a price. 

The entrepreneurial spirit is alive on Bequia. The center of Port Arthur is busy with vendors hawking their wares and pushcarts overflowing with produce and other stuff. Customs and immigration is here, in the post office. An outdoor mall is nearby with tables of produce and fruit, crafts and handmade jewelry. At one of the cafes, you can grab a few hours of Wi-Fi for the price of an iced tea or lunch.

Marine chandleries, sailmakers, a canvas shop, freelance mechanics, carpenters, electricians and people who can fix anything are all on the backstreets. There is fuel and water at the yacht club. Daffodil Marine Services has a fuel and water delivery barge, and does laundry, can provide ice, and has a dockside restaurant and guest house. A second fuel barge also makes the rounds in the anchorage.

Bequia’s pineapples are prized for their juicy texture and intense flavor, making them a popular choice among locals and cruisers seeking a taste of the island’s culinary delights. David H. Lyman

There’s good snorkeling a dinghy ride away, and two dive shops have tours and services. Lower Bay Beach is great for body surfing if there’s a northerly swell running. Hiking trails lead up and over the hills to more beaches. You could spend a month here, as Richard has done.

Years ago, Bequia was known for its Scottish shipwrights, who crafted schooners for the island trade. Some boats hunted whales. After the war, boatbuilding petered out, so the locals turned to building model boats to sell to visiting yachtsmen. Locals still hunt whales today, under an international license. They can kill no more than four in a year. To learn more about the island’s traditions, take the $2 bus ride from town to the Bequia Boat Museum. Outside, under a roof, is a collection of original wooden whale boats, each 30 feet long and built on the island. 

Food stand in Bequia
Bequia is known for its laid-back island vibe, and casual walk-up bars and drink stands are an integral part of the island’s social scene. David H. Lyman

On our way back to the bus stop, we had lunch at the Good Mood Cafe. It’s owned by John and Donna Fisher, an English couple who have been here for 15 years. John was an electrical and plumbing engineer back in the UK. He could fix anything. Now, he has more work than he can cope with, fixing washing machines, dryers, stoves and other appliances. Sitting on their second-story porch for a lunch of freshly made English sausage rolls, it was hard to visualize a nicer spot. A jungle of greenery surrounded us.

Boat Work to Do

Richard and Strider had been anchored in Admiralty Bay for a month, and the prop and hull were becoming a marine garden. They needed scraping. The same was true for the dinghy’s bottom, which we did on the beach. These tasks took up a day or so.

A few days before Easter, we’d re-anchored closer to shore, on the north side of the bay, to get out of a pesky swell. That first night, the band at a nearby bar kept us up until midnight. It wasn’t that they were loud; it’s that they were really bad. When that band folded up, another band just down the beach kept going, until 3. 

“I’m not putting up with this,” Richard told me the next morning. “This is Easter weekend. This place is going to be hopping. Let’s get out of here and head south. We can get to Union Island in half a day.”

And that’s what we did.

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Connected in the Caribbean: Learning Lessons Underway https://www.cruisingworld.com/destinations/staying-connected-in-the-caribbean/ Thu, 30 May 2024 20:12:44 +0000 https://www.cruisingworld.com/?p=53458 For better or worse, we attempted to navigate cell and internet access in the islands on a shoestring budget. Here's how it went.

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Richard connecting to the internet on a boat
Attempting to get a quick cell call out as we leave Union Island, heading south to Carriacou. David H. Lyman

If you’ve spent any time in the West Indies on a boat, then you may have already figured out how to connect your phone to the Internet. Understanding phone service and digital roaming is paramount. Here’s what I recently discovered.

You can always go ashore and, for the price of a beer or an iced tea, connect using the bar’s Wi-Fi. And all along the island chain, from Grenada to the US and British Virgin Islands, cell phone service is available, even a few miles offshore.

In March, I flew to the islands to meet a friend on his boat in Bequia. As my plane touched down on St. Vincent, my iPhone lit up: “Welcome to St. Vincent and the Grenadians. You are now connected to Spectrum Mobile. Outgoing calls are 12 cents a minute; 25 cents for incoming calls; texts are free; and roaming data is 10 cents a megabyte.”

It wasn’t always this easy to connect. In the early ’80s, I’d call my office in Maine from a pay phone nailed to a palm tree near the taxi stand at the Cruz Bay ferry terminal on St. John. In 1983, AOL came online. With a bag phone—the one with an antenna that you placed on your car roof or cabin top—you could connect to AT&T and AOL while cruising in the USVI. Over in the BVI, rates were outrageous, but if you anchored off the caves or in Kelly’s Cove on Norman Island, you could hit the AT&T tower on top of St. John, and you were in.

WiFi at the Slullduggery
Guests take advantage of the working Wi-Fi at the Skullduggery. David H. Lyman

It’s been a scramble ever since to find inexpensive access to Wi-Fi while living on a boat in the islands. In 2010, we were boat-schooling our two kids on Searcher, our Bowman 57 ketch. While in Grenada, we learned of a Wi-Fi hot spot in English Harbour, Antigua. For $50 a month, we had Wi-Fi on board with an antenna on the aft deck, a booster and a router below. We could use Skype to make calls.

It’s much easier to make calls today, but the costs can still add up. After a week on board in Bequia, I checked in with Spectrum at home and learned that I’d already run up a $30 bill. The Digicel store in the middle of Port Elizabeth had a sale on: I could get a monthly plan with 25 GB for $42. It also had free texting and an ample number of free phone calls.

However, I’d have to buy a new phone or replace the SIM card in my phone, with a new one ($19) that had a new phone number, thereby losing access to my contacts and email. And, service would only be good from St. Vincent and the Grenadines south to Union Island, but not in Grenada or the islands to the north.

Richard on the phone with boat gear
While service quality is typically reliable, more remote or less populated areas may experience weaker signals or limited coverage. David H. Lyman

That would not be ideal when we left to go sailing for a few months. I emailed a friend who’s been skippering a charter boat in the islands for 30 years. He had a plan for unlimited Internet all over the Caribbean, and unlimited calls in the Caribbean and toward Europe— but not to the US or Canada. To get that plan, I’d have to visit one of the French Islands to buy a new phone, or switch SIM cards. 

Still not ideal. I noticed that Richard Thomas, the owner of the boat I was aboard, was on his phone all the time. I asked about his plan. 

“AT&T,” he replied. “It’s $10 a day for unlimited phone calls, in and out, data and texting.”

“That’s costing you $300 a month!” I shrieked.

“No. It’s $10 a day for the first 10 days, then free for the rest of the month,” he said.

A $100 maximum? That was less than what I pay at home in Maine for Internet and phone service. But, there was no AT&T store handy, so I muddled through with what I had. Each time we neared an island, my phone lit up with a welcome from Spectrum and the rates for that new island.

Digicel store
Cellular phone service in the Caribbean varies by island but generally offers good coverage, particularly in urban and tourist areas. David H. Lyman

Richard discovered that he had a spare cell phone onboard, one he’d bought in the French Islands earlier in the year. “All you need to do is reactivate it and top it up,” he told me.

When we reached Rodney Bay on St. Lucia two weeks later, I went looking for the Digicel store. “I want to use this French phone as a hot spot,” I told the clerk. “That way, I can still use my iPhone to access the Internet.”

“Yes, that will work,” he said. “You’ll need a new SIM card.”

It would cost me $15. For another $40, I could get a plan with 25 GB of data and free phone and text, for a month. 

“Will it cover the islands north to Antigua?” I asked.

“Yes, but not the French Islands,” he said.

I could live with that. I bought in. At the end of the few weeks of sailing, I had spent $60 for the plan but used only 250 megabytes of data.

When I got back home, my Spectrum bill for the two months in the Caribbean was only $60. 

David at work in Bermuda
Healthy DHL service helps the author work in Bermuda. David H. Lyman

The Bottom Line

Next time I’m off to the islands, I’ll stick with my Spectrum International plan. If I need a lot of Internet access, I’ll go ashore and spend the morning at a cafe with free Wi-Fi. 

Check your phone’s international plan before you depart, and if you plan to work offshore or in remote locations, then consider investing in Starlink. If your only requirements are accessing PredictWind and the Windy weather app, then Iridium GO! is a more cost-effective option. 

Or, you can always throw the phone over the side and go off the grid entirely. Which, some people tell me, is also quite nice.

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